In moral development, what stage is characterized by behavior aimed at earning reward by self-interest?

The stage characterized by behavior aimed at earning rewards based on self-interest is known as Individualism vs. Exchange. In this stage, individuals recognize that there may be different perspectives and that actions are motivated primarily by personal gain or reward. This perspective aligns with the concept that people will engage in behaviors that are advantageous to themselves, often involving a give-and-take dynamic where an action is performed not out of altruism but to fulfill one’s own needs.

In this stage, moral reasoning is largely based on what is beneficial to oneself, and individuals understand that actions can have consequences that may lead to rewards or punishments. Thus, decisions are made based on personal advantages rather than a commitment to laws or societal norms. This is fundamental in understanding moral development, as it represents an early phase where self-interest is a primary motivating factor in decision-making.