What does the term "homeostasis" mean in a biological context?

Homeostasis refers to the process through which living organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in their external environment. This concept is essential for the survival of organisms, as it ensures that critical physiological variables such as temperature, pH, and electrolyte balance remain within a narrow, optimal range.

For instance, in humans, homeostasis regulates body temperature through mechanisms like sweating to cool down or shivering to generate heat. Similarly, it manages blood glucose levels by controlling the secretion of hormones like insulin and glucagon. These regulatory processes are vital for the organism to function effectively and remain healthy.

In contrast, other concepts mentioned—such as the growth and development of organisms, the ability to adapt to changing environments, and the processes involved in cell division and reproduction—do not capture the essence of homeostasis, which specifically focuses on internal stability and the mechanisms that sustain it in the face of external variables.