What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?

The primary cause of atherosclerosis is indeed the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls due to the accumulation of various substances, including lipids (fats), cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris. Over time, this plaque buildup narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow, which can lead to serious cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes.

While high levels of cholesterol in the blood are a significant contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis as cholesterol is a major component of the plaque, the phrase "primary cause" more accurately points to the plaque itself. Additionally, factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis but are not the direct cause; they are more so lifestyle choices that influence the levels of cholesterol and plaque formation. Therefore, focusing on the buildup of plaque illustrates the fundamental pathological process underlying atherosclerosis.