What theory explains how children think and learn?

Cognitive Development Theory explains how children think and learn by emphasizing the nature and stages of their mental processes. Developed by Jean Piaget, this theory posits that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development, which shape how they understand and interact with the world around them.

The theory highlights that children aren’t just passive recipients of information; instead, they actively construct their understanding by engaging with their environment. As they mature, they develop increasingly sophisticated ways of thinking and problem-solving.

The stages defined by Piaget—sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational—illustrate marked changes in cognitive abilities at each phase, enabling educators and parents to tailor learning experiences to a child’s developmental level. This perspective is fundamental in educational psychology, as it provides insight into the appropriate teaching methods that align with a child's cognitive capabilities at different ages.

Other theories, such as Behavioral Learning Theory, focus more on observable behaviors and stimulus-response patterns, while Constructivist Theory emphasizes the active process of learners constructing their knowledge. Socio-Cultural Theory, on the other hand, stresses the influence of social interactions and cultural contexts on learning. While all these perspectives contribute valuable insights into learning processes, Cognitive Development Theory uniquely characterizes the evolution