What type of reasoning involves making deductions based on facts and principles?

The type of reasoning that involves making deductions based on established facts and principles is logical reasoning. Logical reasoning is a systematic approach to analyzing information and drawing conclusions based on structured arguments or premises. It relies on the use of formal rules and principles in order to arrive at valid conclusions. This kind of reasoning is fundamental in disciplines such as mathematics, computer science, and various fields of science, where clarity and precision are essential in building sound arguments or solutions.

Moral reasoning, on the other hand, pertains to evaluating actions based on ethical principles and values rather than pure logical deductions. Abstract reasoning refers more to manipulating concepts or ideas that are not tied to concrete objects or experiences, often involving problem-solving in a more hypothetical context. Conservation, typically related to developmental psychology, focuses on understanding that certain properties of objects remain constant despite changes in form or appearance, and does not pertain to the process of deduction based on facts and principles.