Which needs are considered basic requirements for human survival according to Maslow's hierarchy?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs are recognized as the most fundamental requirements for human survival. These needs include essentials such as air, water, food, shelter, sleep, and clothing, which are critical for maintaining physical health and safety. Without fulfilling these basic needs, individuals cannot focus on higher-level needs, including safety, social connections, or esteem.

The other categories of needs, such as safety, social, and esteem, build upon the physiological needs. Safety needs refer to the desire for security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social needs involve the need for interpersonal relationships and belongingness. Esteem needs pertain to the individual’s desire for respect, self-esteem, and recognition from others. While these needs are important for overall well-being and personal development, they cannot be prioritized until the physiological needs are met, underscoring the foundational role that physiological needs play in Maslow's framework.