Which nervous system is activated by stimulants like amphetamines?

Stimulants such as amphetamines primarily activate the adrenergic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic nervous system. This system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, leading to increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and enhanced energy levels. Amphetamines increase the release of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine, which specifically stimulate adrenergic receptors in various tissues, resulting in the characteristic effects of these drugs, including improved concentration and reduced fatigue.

The other systems mentioned do not align with the effects of stimulants. The parasympathetic nervous system typically promotes a state of rest and digest, opposing the stimulatory effects. The concept of a centrally coordinated system is not a recognized category in the context of the nervous systems but may refer to processes controlled by the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and is not directly influenced by stimulants in the same way as the adrenergic nervous system. Therefore, the activation of the adrenergic nervous system by stimulants underscores their role in enhancing alertness and physical performance.