Which psychological approach involves the study of the unconscious mind?

The focus on the unconscious mind is a core element of psychoanalysis, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis asserts that much of human behavior is influenced by unconscious motives, memories, and desires that individuals may not be consciously aware of. This approach emphasizes the exploration of these unconscious factors to understand and treat psychological distress.

In psychoanalysis, techniques such as free association, dream analysis, and the examination of transference relationships are utilized to access the unconscious. This exploration is believed to help individuals resolve inner conflicts and gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors.

The other approaches mentioned—cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, and humanistic psychology—do not primarily focus on the unconscious mind. Cognitive psychology centers on mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving, while behavioral psychology emphasizes observable behaviors and the effects of environmental stimuli on these behaviors. Humanistic psychology, on the other hand, focuses on individual potential, self-actualization, and personal growth, often emphasizing conscious experiences rather than unconscious ones. Thus, psychoanalysis is distinctly recognized for its emphasis on the unconscious influence on behavior and personality.