Which term refers to the ability to categorize objects based on shared characteristics?

The term that refers to the ability to categorize objects based on shared characteristics is classification. This cognitive process involves grouping items that exhibit similar traits or belong to the same category, which is fundamental in various fields such as biology, where living organisms are classified into species, or in education, where students learn to organize information in a structured manner.

Classification enables individuals to simplify and make sense of the complex world around them by identifying and grouping similar elements, helping to streamline decision-making and communication. It is a foundational skill in both early childhood development and later academic pursuits, as it aids in developing critical thinking and organizational skills. The concepts of conservation, sociocultural theory, and abstract reasoning, while important cognitive processes, do not specifically denote the action of categorizing based on shared characteristics.