Which theory analyzes the basic elements of mental processes?

Structuralism is the theory that analyzes the basic elements of mental processes. Pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and further developed by Edward Titchener, structuralism seeks to break down mental processes into their most basic components. It emphasizes understanding the structure of the mind by examining sensations, perceptions, and feelings through introspection. By doing so, it aims to create a scientific basis for psychology, akin to how other sciences analyze their subject matter.

In contrast, functionalism focuses on the purpose of mental processes and how they help an organism adapt to its environment, rather than analyzing their elemental structure. Humanistic psychology emphasizes individual potential and stresses personal growth, while psychoanalysis delves into the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior, which is distinct from an analysis of basic mental processes. Hence, structuralism is the appropriate framework when discussing the analysis of mental processes' foundational elements.