Which theory explains that moral reasoning evolves through specific stages?

The theory that explains the evolution of moral reasoning through specific stages is known as Moral Development Theory. This concept, primarily developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, outlines a framework where individuals progress through distinct levels of moral understanding and ethical reasoning. According to this theory, moral reasoning develops in stages, beginning from a pre-conventional level, where decisions are made based on direct consequences, and moving through conventional and post-conventional levels, where individuals start to consider broader societal principles and universal ethics.

Moral Development Theory emphasizes that as people age and gain experience, their ability to reason about moral dilemmas and ethical issues becomes more sophisticated. This evolutionary process reflects a deeper comprehension of justice, rights, and moral responsibilities, which informs how individuals tackle various moral issues throughout their lives.

The other choices, while related to different aspects of moral reasoning or ethical consideration, do not specifically focus on the stage-based progression of moral reasoning like Moral Development Theory does. Cognitive Development Theory, for example, deals with how people develop cognitive abilities over time but doesn't specifically focus on moral reasoning stages. The Ethical Reasoning Model may encompass various approaches to making ethical choices but lacks the structured stage development aspect. Finally, Legal Perspective Theory primarily considers legal frameworks rather than the personal moral reasoning evolution outlined in